ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prognostic risk factors for surgery in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.Methods One hundred and sixty one patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension who received surgery in our hospital in the past 10 years were studied.The data were entered into a pre-designed form.24 predictors including patients′ age,sex,degree of liver atrophy,ChildPugh classification,coagulation profile,splenic size,renal function,blood pH,base excess (BE),operative time,volume of ascites,and intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhage were recorded and analyzed.For each of the predictors,2-3 subgroups were compared.Results Seven predictors were clearly related to surgical prognosis:postoperative bleeding within 30h (B0.356,P＜0.001) and a bleeding volume ＞2 L were awarded 3 points; liver volume (B-0.160,P＜0.001) and severe liver atrophy (antero-posterior diameter of the left liver lobe ≤55 mm,oblique diameter of the right lobe ≤110 mm) were awarded three points; blood pH (B0.141,P＜0.001),pH＜7.35 was awarded 2 points; BE (B-0.123,P＜0.001),BE＜-3 (mmol/L) was awarded 2 points; decrease in PLT (B0.065,P =0.015),PLT＜ 3 (T/L) was awarded 2 points; intraoperative bleeding (B0.062,P=0.014),bleeding volume ＞2 L was awarded 2 points; decrease in RBC (B0.053,P=0.024),＜3(G/L) was awarded 1 point.Of the 147 patients who recovered from surgery,all had ≤3 points,except one who had 4 points.Of the 14 patients who died,all had ≥5 points except one who had 4 points.Conclusions Postoperative bleeding (＞2 L),severe liver atrophy (antero-posterior diameter of the left live lobe ≤55 mm,oblique diameter of the right lobe ≤110 mm),blood PH＜7.35,BE ＜-3 (mmol/L),PLT＜30 000(T/L),intraoperative major bleeding (＞2 L) and RBC＜3 (G/L) were significant prognostic risk factors for surgery.For patients who had a score of 5-6 points; death was likely following surgery.A score ≥8 points should be considered as a contraindication to surgery.To reduce operative mortality,active treatment should be given before surgery to keep the score to be 4 points or less.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of rectal carcinoid. Methods Clinical data of 16 patients of rectal carcinoids in our hospital from January 2000 to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Related literatures were reviewed. Results Among the patients included, 11 cases(68.8%)suffered from hypogastralgia, 3 cases(18.8%)bloody stool, 3 cases(18.8%)defecation number increase. All the patients underwent enteroscopy. The average size in diameter of all the tumors was 8.8 mm. 81.3% of the tumors ≤10 mm in diameter. The average distance from tumor to anus was 6.8 cm and 87.5% of the tumors ≤8 cm in distance, Only 25% of all the cases were diagnosed preoperatively, most cases were diagnosed as other diseases and definitely diagnosed by postoperative pathology. 14 cases underwent operation as radical resection of rectal carcinoma, and 2 cases endoscopic removal. There was no operative death and postoperative five-year survival rate is 69.2%. Conclusions Preoperative diagnosis rectal carcinoid is difficult.Misdiagnosis rate is high. The key point of improving diagnosis of this disease is annal digital examination. Enteroscopy and pathology, operation is the first choice to treat rectal carcinoid.